![]() The EEA has assessed Member States’ prospects of meeting the 2025 target based on a number of influencing factors, such as their distance from target, the economic instruments they apply, the separate collection systems they have in place and their plans for improvement. Moreover, by 2035, no more than 10% of all municipal waste should be landfilled, as required by the EU Landfill Directive. The EU Waste Framework Directive requires that EU Member States increase the share of municipal waste prepared for reuse or recycled to 55% of all municipal waste generated by 2025, 60% by 2030 and 65% by 2035. Improving the management of municipal waste has been a long-standing objective of EU waste policy, with the aim of harvesting useful resources from waste and reducing its environmental harm through better management. Targets for improving municipal waste management They also provide a large share of their populations with convenient separate bio-waste collection facilities and have pay-as-you-throw schemes in place. All five of the EU Member States with the highest recycling rates - Germany, Austria, Slovenia, the Netherlands and Luxembourg - use a well-designed landfill tax or landfill ban, or a combination of these.The effective separate collection of bio-waste - the single largest waste component of municipal waste - is critical to achieving high recycling rates: the best performing Member States have highly convenient bio-waste collection systems in place, while the worst performing do not.Waste collection fees are increasingly being designed in a way that incentivises waste producers to reduce waste generation and sort their waste (pay-as-you-throw schemes, following the polluter-pays principle).However, the effectiveness of these taxes depends not only on their level but also on how they are designed, implemented and enforced. ![]() ![]() Landfill and incineration tax levels vary widely between Member States.Incineration taxes are imposed by only nine Member States and are on average set at a much lower level than landfill taxes. They are often used in combination with bans on the landfilling of certain waste types. Landfill taxes are the most common economic instrument used across the EU to improve municipal waste management, with 22 Member States implementing these.
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